Objective 1:

1.  The three types are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_names_of_three_temperature_scales
2.  The thermal energy is what causes the temperature to change because when the energy isn't very strong than it is cold outside but when it is strong it is hot outside because the molecule get heated up and energized from the thermal energy.  The thermal energy is the energy of all of the particles in an object and you need to know the temp. of them and the heat to find this.
3. This basically means the amount of energy that is needed to make a substance get bigger by one degree Celcius.  Such as water's specific heat is a lot higher than ice.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_does_water_have_a_high_and_specific_heat_capacity
4.  It will melt in your hand because your hand is very warm compared to the ice which is frozen so since your hand is so warm you melt the ice.  The ice doesn't make you colder it is just taking away the heat.
5.  There are two things that have to do with why some things get hotter than others faster.  One thing is just how much water (mositer) in the object.  The other thing is some thinkings have higher or lower specific heat thing that I explained in problem 3.  If it has a higher specific heat than it takes a lot longer than if it happened to have a lower one.
http://zellescienceblog.blogspot.com/